Tajweed rules are a set of principles that govern the proper pronunciation of the letters of the Holy Quran. These rules ensure that the Quran is recited exactly as it  was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad . Some of the most important Tajweed rules include:

Ith’har (Clear Pronunciation):

  Ith’har means pronouncing the letter clearly without merging or making nasal sound (ghunnah), such as in “min āmana”

Idgham (Merging):

 Merging two letters into one sound, such as in “man ya’mal” (من يعمل).

Iqlab (Conversion):

 Changing the sound of a noon sākinah or tanween into a meem with a nasal sound, like in “min ba‘di” (من بعد).

Ikhfa’ (Concealment): 

Pronouncing a letter between clear and merged with a light nasal sound, as in “min ṣallā” (من صلى).

Madd (Elongation):

 Prolonging the sound of certain letters for a specific number of counts (usually 2, 4, or 6), as in “qālā” (قالا) or “as-samā’” (السماء).

Ghunnah (Nasal Sound):

 A sound that comes from the nose and lasts for two counts, commonly found in doubled noon (نّ) and meem (مّ), like “innā” (إنا) and “thumma” (ثمّ).